Framework Thinking - System Design Pillars - Template

Here is solutions for template for dive deep system design.

Note: Dive deep for each goals to master.

1. Operation in System Design

Team scope and shared goal (focus cái này)
- Team goals and alignment services.
- Shared goals
- Understand why the resource are used, process and its responsible and performance.
Prepare metrics
- Add metrics, logs, tracing for services.
- Measure the KPIs of the services.
Present dashboards
- How to view metrics in tools.
- Draw dashboard for stakeholders: client, business, developers, operations.
Feedback loops
- Learn from failures to enhance the metrics and KPIs.

Authenticate & Authorization
- Who and What they can access.
Detection
- How to know before this happens ?
- Predict and pattern-focused.
Protect infrastructure
- Network.
- Database.
- Caching.
- Server.
- Physical protection.
- Because infrastructure always the bottleneck.
Protect data
- Encrypt/Decrypt data.
- Backup data.
- Versioning data.
Learn from unexpected incidents
- Write docs for unexpected incident happened.
- Apply RCAs to understand it deeply.
Human process
- Training humans in the process.
- Sometime they allow network without the right reasons.

Accuracy
- How the accuracy actually are in the service.
Failures
- How to handle when exception flow happened.
Change management
- How to change might impact the system ?
Next-step flow management
- How to predict the next step of the system ?
- Higher level for change management.

Cost Calculator
- Awareness the cost usage and expenditure.
- Predict the costs used in the future.
Cost effective usage
- Use database and RAM for storage.
- Use number of pods for requests enough.
Dynamic by demand
- Dynamic resource capacity by traffic.

January 5, 2026